Choosing the Correct Mortar Type
Mortar is the element that is used to strengthen the structure of walls and buildings. It also connects the masonry units as well as keeps the bricks intact.
Mortar can also be used to bond stone or other masonry units. Mortar mix is available in five different types which are as follows:
- Type N
- Type O
- Type S
- Type M
- Type K
Usually, each of the aforementioned types of mortar is mixed with a specific amount of cement, sand, and lime which enhances the performance qualities like bonding, flexibility, and compressive strength.
The application as well as the numerous design parameters for the masonry construction project will determine the optimum type of mortar to use and how it should be applied.
Type N Mortar Mix
It is typically advised to use this type of mortar for above-grade and outdoor walls, such as stone veneer, that are subject to severe weather and hot temperatures. In this type of mortar, the ratio of Portland cement to lime to sand is 1:1:6 respectively.
This combination can be used in several distinct ways such as for the purpose of load-bearing installations outside, inside, and above grade.
Moreover, it can be said that type N is by far the most effective mix of mortar for constructing with limestone. The vast majority of homeowners opt to use Type N mortar, which is generally considered to be the superior option. After 28 days, its strength typically ranges between 750 and 1,000 psi.
Type O
The next type of mortar is Type O, which has a pressure of only approximately 350 psi and is not particularly high. The majority of applications for this material include building internal walls that are above grade and do not bear any weight. It is possible to utilize Type O in place of Type N in certain applications inside, but because of its lower resistance to wear and tear, Type O is not as suitable for use outside. In areas where there is a high probability of heavy winds, you should avoid doing that. But because it is constant and simple to work with, type O mortar mix is ideal for repointing and other renovations on existing buildings.
Type S Mortar Mix
Type S is a mortar mix with a commendable strength of around 1800 psi. It also possesses a very strong bond strength. This mix is useful for a wide variety of projects that are carried out at or below grade level.
It is highly effective against the loads brought on by soil pressure, wind, and earthquakes. Masonry foundations, manholes, retaining walls, and sewers are common examples of below-grade projects which are executed with the help of a Type S mixture. The above-ground projects in which type S mortar mix is used include the walkways and brick patios.
Type M Mortar Mix
Coming to the next type, the mortar type M has the highest concentration of cement and it is mainly used for big loads such as retaining walls and driveways. Type M mortar mix has 2500 psi of bearing capacity and fairly weak sealing and adhesive properties. This is one of the reasons why it is inappropriate for several applications. However, because its strength is similar to that of stone, type M can be used with stone without causing any compatibility issues.
Type K Mortar Mix
Type K mortar can be used for projects that are related to repair and renovation however it is not recommended to use this type for the construction of new projects from a scratch.
It has only about 75 psi of compressive strength, which is very low. Because type K is soft, it is mostly used to repair the brickwork on old or historic mansions that need a unique mixture that is not specifically stronger than the brickwork already in place.
Knowing the proper mortar to use is a vital part of any construction or repair of brick or stone structures. Trust the experts here at New York Brick Pointing with the knowledge on how to best use these materials to help out with your project.